The impetus for establishing a "Lunar Surface Moon Base" is that America is in a space race with China.
For the first time, legislation has been unanimously passed that gives the go-ahead for NASA to establish a permanent moon base as part of a push for a sustained American presence on the lunar surface.
While not a done deal — both the U. S. Senate and House chambers must agree on the language — the impetus for establishing a "Lunar Surface Moon Base" is that America is in a space race with China.